The cornea is the front clear part of the eye which covers the iris and the round pupil. When the corneal layer is compromised or damaged, infection can gain access and cause a corneal infection or even an ulcer. This is called keratitis.
Symptoms of corneal infections
Corneal infections or corneal ulcers usually present with redness of the eye, eye pain, eyelid swelling, the sensation of having something in the eye, excessive tearing, pus or discharge, sensitivity to light, or blurry or worsening vision. A white area or spot may be noted on the front of the eye.
Causes
If the first layer of the cornea (epithelium) is damaged the cornea becomes vulnerable to infection by bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. Recognising the infection early is critical to initiating treatment before permanent eye damage occurs.
Injury, abrasion or burns to the cornea can easily cause infections. This can include scratches, scrapes and cuts from fingernails, makeup brushes or tree branches as well as chemicals can all cause trauma and damage to the cornea.
Risk factors
- For contact lens wearers, proper handling, storage, and cleaning are essential to minimise the risk of infection.
- The use of steroid eye drops
- Dry eyes
- Eyelid disorders that prevent proper functioning of the eyelid
- A history of shingles or cold sores
Diagnosis
Your ophthalmologist will use a special microscope called a slit-lamp and a special stain called fluorescein to determine the extent of the damage. If more information is needed a sample of the infection (called a corneal scrape) can be taken which is sent to the lab to determine the cause of the infection.
Treatment
The treatment of corneal infections is dependant on the cause. This could be antibiotic, antiviral or anti-fungal treatment in the form of eyedrops or tablets.
Your ophthalmologist will then follow you up closely and monitor your response to treatment. Early evaluation and treatment is crucial and recommended to prevent any permanent damage to your eye and vision.
